Auditing is a an area in the discipline of accounting that is deals with the independent verification of accounts and systems of an entity in order to ensure that they reflect true and fair view of affairs. It is an unbiased examination and evaluation of the financial statements of an organization.

Financial institutions and markets is area in finance that deals with the study of financial institutions and financial markets and how they contribute to the general wellbeing of individuals and generally real economic growth of a country. It involves the study of behavior of banks and similar institutions in modern financial markets.